Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Echinacoside as a Novel Ferroptosis Inducer in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanistic Insights from TP53/SLC7A11/GPX4 Pathway Modulation

doi: 10.3390/ijms27010411

Figure Lengend Snippet: Network pharmacology analysis of ECH treatment for HCC. ( A ) The chemical structure of ECH. ( B ) Intersection of ECH and HCC targets. ( C ) Intersection of ECH, HCC, and ferroptosis targets. ( D ) PPI network analysis of the intersection of ECH, HCC, and ferroptosis targets, with the inner circle showing the top ten core targets for ECH-mediated ferroptosis in HCC. ( E ) The top ten core targets for ECH-mediated regulation of HCC ferroptosis, with TP53 as the primary core target. Abbreviations: ECH: echinacoside. HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma. PPI: protein–protein interaction.

Article Snippet: The human normal hepatocytes cell line LO2, human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2, and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line HuH7 were obtained from Procell (Wuhan, China).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Echinacoside as a Novel Ferroptosis Inducer in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanistic Insights from TP53/SLC7A11/GPX4 Pathway Modulation

doi: 10.3390/ijms27010411

Figure Lengend Snippet: Functional enrichment analyses of ECH against HCC. ( A ) Lollipop chart of KEGG analysis for ECH treatment of HCC. ( B ) Lollipop chart showing the MF section of the GO analysis for ECH treatment of HCC. Abbreviations: KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. ECH: echinacoside. HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma. MF: molecular function. GO: Gene Ontology.

Article Snippet: The human normal hepatocytes cell line LO2, human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2, and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line HuH7 were obtained from Procell (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Echinacoside as a Novel Ferroptosis Inducer in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanistic Insights from TP53/SLC7A11/GPX4 Pathway Modulation

doi: 10.3390/ijms27010411

Figure Lengend Snippet: The results of HCC cell growth inhibited by ECH. ( A ) HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of ECH for 24 h. ( B ) Huh7 cells were treated with different concentrations of ECH for 24 h. ( C ) LO2 cells were treated with different concentrations of ECH for 24 h. Abbreviations: ECH: echinacoside. HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma. IC 50 : half-maximal inhibitory concentration.

Article Snippet: The human normal hepatocytes cell line LO2, human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2, and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line HuH7 were obtained from Procell (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Echinacoside as a Novel Ferroptosis Inducer in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanistic Insights from TP53/SLC7A11/GPX4 Pathway Modulation

doi: 10.3390/ijms27010411

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ferroptosis in HCC cells induced by ECH. ( A ) LPO levels in HepG2 and Huh7 cells treated with erastin (10 μmol/L), Fer-1 (2 μmol/L), and ECH for 24 h were detected and quantified using fluorescence inverted microscopy. ( B ) Fe 2+ levels after treated with ECH (300 µmol/L) and Fer-1 (2 µmol/L) for 24 h in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. ( C ) GSH levels after treated with ECH (300 µmol/L) and Fer-1 (2 µmol/L) for 24 h in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. ( D ) MDA levels after treated with ECH (300 µmol/L) and Fer-1 (2 µmol/L) for 24 h in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. The plus sign (+) indicates drug intervention, and the minus sign (−) indicates absence of the drug. Data were represented as mean ± SD ( n = 3); ns = no significance, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001 versus control group. Abbreviations: ECH: echinacoside. HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma. Fer-1: ferrostatin-1. GSH: glutathione. MDA: malondialdehyde.

Article Snippet: The human normal hepatocytes cell line LO2, human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2, and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line HuH7 were obtained from Procell (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Inverted Microscopy, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Echinacoside as a Novel Ferroptosis Inducer in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanistic Insights from TP53/SLC7A11/GPX4 Pathway Modulation

doi: 10.3390/ijms27010411

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ferroptosis induced by ECH in HCC cells via the TP53/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway. ( A ) Kaplan-Meier univariate survival analysis of TP53 expression in HCC versus normal tissues. ( B ) The TP53, SLC7A11, and GPX4 mRNA levels in HepG2 and Huh7 cells following a 24 h treatment with various concentrations of ECH and Fer-1 (2 μmol/L). ( C ) The TP53, SLC7A11, and GPX4 protein expression levels in HepG2 cells after 24 h treatment with different concentrations of ECH and Fer-1 (2 μmol/L). ( D ) The protein expression levels of TP53, SLC7A11, and GPX4 in Huh7 cells after treatment with different concentrations of ECH and Fer-1 (2 μmol/L) for 24 h. Data are represented as mean ± SD ( n = 3); ns = no significance, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001 vs. control group. Abbreviations: ECH: echinacoside. HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma. TP53: tumor protein 53. Fer-1: ferrostatin-1. SLC7A11: solute carrier family 7 member 11. GPX4: glutathione peroxidase 4.

Article Snippet: The human normal hepatocytes cell line LO2, human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2, and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line HuH7 were obtained from Procell (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Control